Article Review Measuring Progress Tests and Measurements...

Article Review: Measuring Progress-Tests and Measurements for the Parent, Teacher, Advocate, and Attorney by Peter W.D. Wright, EsQ. And Pamela Darr Wright, M.A., M.S.W. I. Review and Summary The work of Wright and Wright relates that individuals who have children with special needs are well aware of the requirement that they comprehend the laws relating to those special needs in education and the rights of their children. The parents of special needs children know that testing is the primary factor in determining the educational needs and benefits as well as the advancement or alternatively the lack of advancement of their child in the educational endeavor. Wright and Wright note that decisions concerning the childs education is such that must be formulated on the basis of  ¦objective information and facts rather than reactions and beliefs that are subjective and emotionally based. Wright and Wright review the case of Florence County School District Four v. Shannon Carter, 510 U. S. 7, 114 S. CT. 361, (1993) among others. In the case of Shannon Carter, which a landmark decision was issued by the Supreme Court. This cause involved the school system defaulting on their obligation to provide a free appropriate education to Shannon Carter, a child with learning disabilities and an Attention Deficit Disorder. (Wright and Wright, 2012, p.1) This case involved the school, while developing an IEP for Shannon in the tenth grade, refusing to provide the student with a moreShow MoreRelatedContemporary Issues in Management Accounting211377 Words   |  846 Pageswritten by distinguished scholars in the Weld. 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The tragical history of Doctor Faustus Essay - 1562 Words

The tragical history of Doctor Faustus, which followed in the wake of Tamburlaine, is acclaimed by all as Marlowes best play in which the leaven of fertile poetry and fearless imagination works wonders. Introduction: The tragical history of Doctor Faustus, which followed in the wake of Tamburlaine, is acclaimed by all as Marlowes best play in which the leaven of fertile poetry and fearless imagination works wonders. The idea of a passionate struggle to reach beyond the grasp of ordinary mortals as its theme Marlowe takes this old story of the medieval magician who sells his soul to the Devil for twenty four years of pleasure and the gift of all knowledge and gives it a significance as in to that of such world old†¦show more content†¦Aristotle calls the cause-and-effect chain leading from the incentive moment to the climax the tying up (desis), in modern terminology the complication. He therefore terms the more rapid cause-and-effect chain from the climax to the resolution the unravelling (lusis), in modern terminology the dà ©nouement. A well-constructed plot, therefore, must neither begin nor end at haphazard, but conform to these principles. Plot Construction : According to Aristotle there are five distinct divisions of a an ideal plot of tragedy of which the first one is the initial incident or the Paritass giving birth to the conflict and there is the rising action or Epitass to intensify the conflict; thirdly we get the climax, the turning point or the peripeteia and fourthly there is the dà ©nouement then comes the falling action or the Calabasm; and finally the Catastrpohe or the conclusion in which the conflict is brought to an inevitable end . Aristotle believed that the plot may be either simple or complex, although complex is better. Simple plots have only a change of fortune (catastrophe). Complex plots have both reversal of intention (peripeteia) and recognition (anagnorisis) connected with the catastrophe. Both peripeteia and anagnorisis turn upon surprise. AristotleShow MoreRelatedThe Tragical History Of Doctor Faustus1163 Words   |  5 PagesIn Marlowe’s play, The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus, Christianity is painted in a negative light. This reflects the disillusionment with religion that Marlowe and other Renaissance men had as a consequence of the conflict between Catholicism and Protestantism that occurred during the Protestant Reformation. Through Faustus’s lines, Marlowe was able to air some of his less-than-pleasant views about Christianity. 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I.T and E Commerce of Hospitality Industry Free Essays

string(84) " the latest technology at their fingertips, from fax machines to Internet services\." Introduction Here is an attempt to understand and explain the information systems which are been used and how they are useful to the company and what are the drawbacks of those systems, and also how they can try to solve those problems. Hospitality Industry is a very fast growing industry. Every organisation wants to retain and also attract new customers. We will write a custom essay sample on I.T and E Commerce of Hospitality Industry or any similar topic only for you Order Now Information technology used by the hotel is very much important and plays a major role in providing a competitive edge over the competitors. Information Technology Trends in Hospitality Hotel Industry places a great emphasis on the provision of quality service to their customers/guest. There is a great demand for information from customers and hospitality service provider so hotel industry stared adopting computer based IT facilities to enhance its operational efficiency, control and reduce costs, and improve service quality (Camison, 2000; Cobanoglu et al., 2001; Siguaw and Enz, 1999; van Hoof et al., 1996). By investing in the IT benefits the hotel by enabling the guest to have a better experience, and also the hotel staff to work more efficiently and effectively to better assist customers. Hospitality Organizations the Internet Many prime hospitality organizations such as IHG group, Marriott International, Royal Caribbean, Jurys Inn, Hyatt International, Ritz Carlton, Hilton Hotel are using internet facilities over the years and have been taking advantage of the Internet opportunity by fully implementing the latest technological systems within their organisations. A new Internet-based procurement system which is considered flexible and user friendly has been implemented by IHG group. According to the Vice President of purchasing, Steve Shamion, it is important that the system is user friendly for a chief engineer, chef, housekeeper, etc. As soon as IHG succeeded 500 hotels, it was necessary to get rid of the manual system. Their main aim was to provide a new Intranet system with a web-based provider. The goal was to implement an Intranet system with a new web-based provider. The e-mail system is currently functioning efficiently as it alerts purchasing agents to contact suppliers in every case where corporate revises a product. The new system has enabled the IHG group for excellent quality control. In this respect, IHG claims that they are able to obtain high quality products at low costs via the Internet. Marriott Hotel and resort has chosen the same Internet provider for its new procurement system. They are analyzing the mechanics of the system as well as the concept of electronic purchasing and the advantages that could be realized by Hotel. One of the key elements of this research involves the â€Å"user friendliness† of the system. Another concern is the connection factor. The system must be reliable in connecting without failure. The content is another very important requirement. The suppliers must be able to easily find products on the site. As for the overall costs involved in the implementation of such a system, it is still unclear. On a positive note, both IHG and Marriott believe that they will be able to quantify the new system’s effects right away. By tracking every purchase over the web, this will allow them to record their progress. In the long-term, as one of the first movers in the hospitality industry, the prediction is that the overall impact w ill be positive. Leicester Marriott Marriott’s operations can be grouped into the following five business segments: Full-service lodging – 65% Select-service lodging – 11% Extended-stay lodging – 5% Timeshare – 15% Synthetic fuel – 4% Marriott operates under various different brand of hotel like Full Service Lodging Marriott Hotels Resorts JW Marriott Hotels Resorts Renaissance Hotels Ritz-Carlton BULGARI Hotels Resorts Autograph Collection Hotels Resorts Edition Hotels Resorts Marriott Conference Centres Courtyard by Marriott Fairfield Inn by Marriott Spring Hill Suites by Marriott Marriott Executive Stay Residence Inn by Marriott Towne Place Suites by Marriott Marriott Executive Apartments Marriott Vacation Club International (MVCI) Marriott Grand Residence Club The Residences at the Ritz-Carlton The Ritz-Carlton Destination Club Select Service Lodging Extended Stay Lodging Timeshare Leicester Marriott Hotel Overview 227 Bedrooms Mixx Restaurant Tanners Bar Atrium Lounge 21 dedicated meeting rooms Leisure Club facilities Wireless LAN in public areas Car park – 280 onsite spaces Marriott International, Inc. is a leading global lodging company that shapes and enables its business through an ambitious program of improvements in technology. In the beginning of late 1990s, Marriott realized that to be competitive and lead the future lodging market, it had to upgrade and fully integrate two of its most crucial systems: the Marriott automated Reservation system for Hotel accommodations (MaRsHa) and Marriott’s Internet technology platform, Marriott.com. These systems, combined with Marriott’s key business and inventory applications and marketing and loyalty programs, comprise a global technology infrastructure that facilitated more than 69.5 million new reservations in 2005, averaging over 190,000 per day, while maintaining availability of better than 99.99 percent. The updated infrastructure enabled 100 percent growth in Marriott.com sales from 2003 to 2005, logged single-day sales records of nearly $14 million, and led the industry in online hot el room’s sales. In fact, Marriott’s seamless multi-brand, multi-channel integration enables the company to offer the industry’s only global rate guarantee, the Look No Further ® Best Rate Guarantee, stating that Marriott guests will always get the lowest available rate when booking through any Marriott channel worldwide. It is a remarkable success story, demonstrating how aligning investments in technology infrastructure with business vision and strategy can enable extraordinary business results and how Marriott leveraged its early investment in ecommerce to set new standards for the global lodging industry Technologies used at Marriott Hotel Company website Point Of Sale-Micros Property Management System-Opera Central Reservation System-Marsha SAP for accounting and Payroll Fire Panel Door locks CCTV Blue Cube -Time Clock (Employee attendance) Cetral Reservation System In today’s fast-paced environment, business travellers have enough to be concerned about, without worrying about hotel accommodations. And, it takes more than just hotel rooms to win in the highly competitive lodging business. Professionals want the latest technology at their fingertips, from fax machines to Internet services. You read "I.T and E Commerce of Hospitality Industry" in category "Essay examples" Central Reservation System is used to connect to the different hotels of the same group. Currently at Marriott a software called MARSHA is used. MARSHA (Marriott’s Automated Reservation System for Hotel Accommodations), according to Rinaldi. â€Å"MARSHA allows guests to call in at any property and have a reservation agent allocate and book reservations,† he explains. â€Å"The Marriott Rewards System [a point-accumulation program to earn special savings] is also kept on this system so that guests can tabulate their points.† All major airlines and trav el agencies link into MARSHA by T1 and 56-Kbps connections as well. Micros-Opera Micros-Opera is one of the famous providers of property based system in today’s hospitality industry. Its PMS interface has become a common one within the hotel industry and is used by many as a de facto standard. Consequently, many software vendors use this interface because it makes it more likely that their software will be able to connect to other vendors’ applications. Micros: MICROS 9700 HMS It is the most widely used point-of-sale solution system in the leisure and entertainment marketplace. Built on years of industry experience, the entire 9700 HMS product suite is technology independent, running on MS SQL, Oracle, and Multiple Windows platforms. All 9700 HMS modules are web-delivered and enterprise enabled, making them easy to use while reducing total cost of ownership. 9700 HMS has proven installations ranging from small, specialized operations to large enterprise configurations spanning multiple properties in large geographic areas. Whether you operate one restaurant or hundreds, 9700 HMS has the functionality to meet your needs. Problems with Micros 1) When the systems crashes down then the checks has to be manually posted which is like duplication of work and time, there are even discrepancies sometimes and in that the company loses the revenue. 2)If there is a crash, it needs to be done by the help of a main server computer. But if the problem prevails there is a need to contact the vendor for his service. 3)The micros system sometimes get frozen which affect the overall performance of the server and the team. Difficulty Because Marriott involves representatives from every part of the company in all new initiatives from the very beginning, the company is spared many of the â€Å"growing pains† typically found when implementing large, global infrastructure projects. The company’s business and marketing managers are technologically fluent and worked closely with the Information Resources and ecommerce departments throughout the process of upgrading and integrating the reservations system and Web presence. There were, however, two key challenges Marriott faced in its MaRsHa and Marriott.com implementations: availability and scalability. Knowing that Marriott solutions have to be developed, implemented and rolled-out in a 24/7 global business environment, extra attention was paid to maintaining the reliability and availability of ongoing operations. This was a critical factor in the MaRsHa upgrade, since the reservations system is literally the life’s blood of the company. Marrio tt also upgraded both MaRsHa and Marriott.com with leading-edge scalability to support both current and future transaction volumes, and the systems have performed without data loss even as transactions have grown 400 percent over five years. Marriott’s early commitment to high-performance processing, scalable storage and business continuity made the transition to an integrated reservations/Web solution error-free.Marriott also took great care in test and development before moving new functionality into the global production environment. eMc’s advanced business continuity software supports the company’s robust testing capabilities, providing an up-to-date replicated copy of the MaRsHa production environment, which facilitates quality assurance, testing and development, without introducing any production performance degradation. Marriott also creates business continuance volumes (BcVs) from the replicated production data, which are used by developers, for examp le, to test database applications without affecting either the production or main test systems. The BcVs enable the creation of more robust development environments, better developer throughput, and the ability to go beyond normal functional testing to bring complex test environments to production and ultimately to market more quickly Conclusions Recommendations Now is the time for hospitality companies to take advantage of the opportunities available in creating a new value added customized online travel shopping experience for customers. The ultimate trend calls for something comparable to the shopping-bot. For those who are not familiar with the shop-bot concept, it is meant exclusively for online clothing shoppers who prefer to have a personal agent. Similar to the shop-bot, the future of the Internet in the travel industry will provide a travel bot who will play the hand-holding travel agent for those that require the most guidance in arranging their travel plans.This travel bot will create a custom experience that suits the particular customer needs offering a range of services including hotel rooms, restaurant tables, airline seats, and rental cars. The travel bot will provide advice and recommendations as currently found on GDSs. It is important to take a look at how Internet technology will affect the future of the tourism industry. Most IT tools are being utilized. However, there is still much room for improvement in speed, reliability, and adaptation to new technologies. It is crucial for companies to take advantage of the Internet before the competition. A solid RD function is one of the elements in this process. It is pertinent to study the customers and their businesses by encouraging them to fill out a customer’s profile form on the web. It is important to consider how technological drivers will influence changes. Many traditional small and large players in the industry are having a difficult time adjusting to the changes involved in switching to a full IT based strategy.This is mainly due to the extent to which the Internet changes how hospitality services and amenities are delivered. It further alters the organizational structures within hospitality companies and modifies the interaction of the customer and service provider. The hospitality tourism internet future suggests a universal system where property management systems will eliminate the need for expensive on-site computer hardware/software. The maintenance problems relating to breakdowns, backups, and upgrades will be resolved in an easy efficient manner. The Internet will control all transactions involving credit card authorization, travel agent commissions, and point of sale transactions. This will result in fewer problems, a decrease in staff and an increase in profits. The typical hotel guest will have the option of selecting movies, games, software, shopping and information through voice communication and data/video, all available at a low cost. Future success for hospitality tourism companies depends upon their abilities to identify a target market and the strategic opportunities available for survival and growth. If data is managed properly, the technology can assist hoteliers and restaurateurs in projecting the lifetime value of guests, creating increased loyalty, resulting in an increase in market share. The process of mass production has never been accepted in the tourism industry; therefore customized services are a must for survival. Today’s computer world allows for mass customization in pricing, location, and amenities to a more knowledge-based format. In this case, marketing and IT departments must work closely toward a merger of core competencies.The drive toward e-commerce success includes a plan to track surfing and consumption habits such as the buyers, payers, and the return visitors. Independent consultants are available to provide this data efficiently and confidentially. It is crucial for hospitality tourism organizations to stay on top of the roles of the major online players that are posing a serious threat to the industry such as Travelocity, Priceline, Expedia, Yahoo, etc. Their role in the future of hospitality tourism marketing is crucial to the survival of Hoteliers. Hospitality tourism organizations might want to look into the potential of becoming one of the first movers to join the dot com craze. The already established loyal customer base will allow hospitality tourism organizations to have an upper-hand over general online threats. The customized travel bot could provide the ultimate travel experience of a lifetime for customers in adding the most value, thus allowing first movers in the industry to gain an overall competitive advantage. Bibliography E-Commerce in Hospitality Tourism. 2011. E-Commerce in Hospitality Tourism. [ONLINE] Available at: http://gonzales.com.sg/techno.html. [Accessed 12 Feb 2011]. Marriott International’s Accommodating Network – Network Computing. 2011. Marriott International’s Accommodating Network – Network Computing. [ONLINE] Available at:http://www.networkcomputing.com/909/909centerfoldtext.html. [Accessed 21 Feb 2011] Point of Sale Software Enterprise Information System. 2011. Point of Sale Software Enterprise Information System. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.micros.com/. [Accessed 18 Feb 2011] Technology Jargon Buster – 8/31/2005 – Caterer Search. 2011. Technology Jargon Buster – 8/31/2005-CatererSearch .[ONLINE]Available at :http://www.caterersearch.com/Articles/2005/08/31/302345/Technology-Jargon-Buster.htm. [Accessed 12 Feb 2011]http://www.marriot.com/ Marriott Global Source. 2011. Marriott Global Source. [ONLINE] Available at:http://mgs.marriott.com/index.html. [Accessed 16 Feb 2011] How to cite I.T and E Commerce of Hospitality Industry, Essay examples