King Henry VIII of England: Wives and Legacy

Lord Henry VIII of England: Wives and Legacy Framework Henry VIII Ruled as lord of England from the 21st of April in 1509 until his passing on 28thof January in 1547, King Henry VIII who controlled for a long time and 282 days was the second child of King Henry VII and Elizabeth of York. His more established sibling Arthur, Prince of Wales got hitched to Catherine of Aragon in 1501 when Henry was 10 years of age. Not long after Arthurs wedding, his better half, Catherine, and he went to live in Wales, seeing that was custom for the beneficiary to the seat. Be that as it may, four months after their marriage started, it finished with Arthurs demise. Later on, An understanding was marked that would permit Catherine to wed the following beneficiary to the seat which was Prince Henry. Up to that point, Catherines guardians, Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain would send more than 100,000 crowns worth of plate and gold as a wedding blessing and Henry would pay the settled upon share. It was seen as vital for an ecclesiastical agreement to be given allowing Henry to wed Catherine, as she was his dead siblings spouse, and this marriage was unlawful in Leviticus. At the time Catherine denied that her union with Arthur had even been practiced so no agreement was required. Nonetheless, authorization from the pope was needed and gotten because of the two gatherings in Spain and England who needed to make certain of the authenticity of the marriage. Arthurs demise made Henry be the up and coming ruler in a youthful age and that Henry was short of 18 years of age, yet he prepared himself for this circumstance after his siblings passing. At the point when individuals hear the name Henry VIII they would not have any desire to see a multi year old kid so he was not what individuals truly anticipated. Henry was not the substantial and sick sort of individual in his later years. Rather in his childhood, he was attractive and athletic. He was tall just as he had a splendid red-gold top of hair and whiskers going bald and undesirable man that is fre quently recollected. Henrys conjugal profession is presumably what he is generally known for. Soon after turning out to be the best, Henry VIII accepting Catherine of Aragon as his lady on 11 June 1509. Ruler Henry had acquired  £1.5 million pounds from his dad and had prevailing in the main serene progress of intensity after the Wars of the Roses. He at that point carried an adolescent and force to the court that had for quite some time been missing and that Henry longed for wonder past the chase and contends. Catherine of Aragon Wife # 1 Catherine of Aragon was rased in a group of lords and sovereigns and she was proposed to become one herself. As she was around four years of age she was pledged to the future lord of England. After her first spouse bites the dust, Catherine of Aragon by 1505 wedded Henry VIII. She fulfilled this predetermination. Not long after their marriage, Catherine discovers that she is pregnant, however with a stillborn little girl. Resulting to that she brought forth a little girl called Mary. In any case, Henry was frightened that damnation bite the dust before having a kid to take his name after him and simultaneously Catherine couldn't generally create a male beneficiary. After all she turned into a survivor of Henry VIIIs powerlessness to create a male beneficiary. Therefore, she was expelled from her seat and her marriage repealed. Albeit, possibly not the most paramount of Henry VIIIs spouses, she surely had left a blemish on history. Anne Boleyn Wife # 2 In 1528, Anne demonstrated genuine enthusiasm for strict change and may have gave a portion of her plans to Henry, and picking up the scorn of certain individuals from the Court. The lawful contends about the marriage of Henry and Catherine of Aragon forged ahead. Anne was no uncertainty baffled by the absence of progress. Her well known displeasure and tongue showed themselves now and again in popular contentions among her and Henry for all the court to see. Anne expected that Henry may return to Catherine if the marriage couldn't be revoked and Anne would have sat around idly that she could have used to make a beneficial marriage. At some point close to the finish of 1532, Anne at last gave route and by December she was pregnant. To maintain a strategic distance from any inquiries of the authenticity of the youngster, Henry was constrained vigorously. At some point close St. Pauls Day, Anne and Henry were subtly hitched. In spite of the fact that the Kings union with Catherine was not broken up, in the Kings mind it had never existed in any case, so he was allowed to wed whomever he needed. On May 23, the Archbishop formally broadcasted that the marriage of Henry and Catherine was invalid. Anne later on perceived that it was critical that she produce a child. By January of 1534, she was pregnant once more, however the kid was either lost or stillborn. In 1535, she became pregnant again yet prematurely delivered before the finish of January. The kid was accounted for to have been a kid. The Queen was very disturbed, and accused the premature delivery for her perspective in the wake of hearing that Henry had taken a fall in jousting. She needed to have known now that her inability to create a living male beneficiary was a danger to her own life, particularly since the Kings extravagant for one of her women in-pausing, Jane Seymour, started to develop. In spite of the fact that Anne brought forth a young lady named Elizabeth, she got executed since she was unabl e to create a male beneficiary so he can come after the ruler. Jane Seymour-Wife # 3 In September 1535, the King remained at the Seymour family home in Wiltshire, England. It might have been there that the ruler saw Jane. Henrys love for Jane was furtively made that nobody saw yet until February of 1536. By that point, Jane most likely pegged to be in a position, for example, the one Anne was in as a sovereign, and that she couldn't imagine anything better than to supplant her, while Henrys unconcern in Anne was self-evident. Inside 24 hours of Anne Boleyns execution, Jane Seymour and Henry VIII were officially pledged. On the 30th of May, Henry and Jane were hitched. Jane never had a crowning ritual, not at all like Henrys past two Queens. Lord Henry was hanging tight for Jane to substantiate herself by giving him a child. It was not until mid 1537 that Jane got pregnant. During her pregnancy, Janes each impulse was reveled by the King Henry was persuaded that Jane, whom he felt to be his first evident spouse, conveyed his since a long time ago sought after child. I n October, a sovereign was conceived at Hampton Court Palace and was dedicated on fifteenth of October. The infant was named Edward. Mary, little girl of Catherine of Aragon, was guardian and Elizabeth, little girl of Anne Boleyn, additionally assumed a job in the service. Jane went to her children dedicating, despite the fact that she was frail. She kicked the bucket on October 24th, only fourteen days after her child was conceived. Anne of Cleves-Wife #4 Henry VIII stayed single for over two years after his dearest, Jane Seymours passing. Possibly he was giving some acknowledgment to the idea that he lost his past spouse, Jane Seymour. Henrys first marriage had been a remote union of sorts, in spite of the fact that it is practically sure that the two were genuinely enamored for quite a while. His next two ladies were love matches and Henry could have had practically zero financial or political increase from them. Henry did likewise need to be certain he was getting an alluring lady of the hour, so he had operators in outside courts report to him on the appearance and different characteristics of different competitors. He additionally sent painters to bring him pictures of these ladies. Hans Holbein was sent to the court of the Duke of Cleves, who had two sisters, Amelia and Anne. Holbein painted the sisters of the Duke of Cleves and Henry chose to have an agreement drawn up for his union with Anne. Toward the end, Anne was likely sa vvy enough to realize that she would possibly be raising hell for herself in the event that she raised any obstructions to Henrys endeavors to dissolve the marriage. She affirmed that the match had not been cultivated and that her past commitment to the child of the Duke of Lorraine had not been appropriately broken. So finally she got what she needed, a separation. Kathryn Howard Wife # 5 Katherine Parr Wife #6 Edward VI Mary I (and know as Bloody Mary) Mary Tudor is the little girl of King Henry VIII and Katherine of Aragon, conceived on February 18, 1516.she was accomplished and had the option to talk and write in both Latin and French. Also she examined philosophy and history. At age eleven Mary interpreted a supplication of St Thomas Aquinas from Latin to English and under the tutelage of Katherine Parr figured out how to decipher Erasmuss Paraphrases of the Gospel of ST John from Latin. One of her leisure activities is playing music, for example, the lute and virginals like genius at an early age. After her dad abrogated his union with her mom in 1533 this had a forsaken love on Mary. The youngster that was cherished and loved by both of her folks ended up in threatening contentions with her dad. Henry turned into a cruel man towards the little girl he should love and she believed she must be her moms champion and go to bat for her moms rights. Katherine consistently made it understood to everybody that she felt that she was the genuine spouse of King Henry VIII and that she would do nothing to imperil her little girls and legitimate spot on the seat. In 1533 her dad mystery wedded Anne Boleyn and they before long anticipated a youngster. At the point when her relative Elizabeth was conceived on September seventh 1533, Marywas broadcasted a charlatan and not qualified to acquire the crown. The kindness was then given to her more youthful sister. Marys pride was mortified much further when she had to be a woman in holding up to Elizabeth. Anne abused Mary and brought down her confidence by expressing awful dangers at her and even attempted to have her own dad sentence her to death. Elizabeth Tudor Henrys second spouse Anne Boleyn brought forth a little girl named Elizabeth, conceived on September seventh 1533. At the point when she was a year old a demonstration of progression was passed in support of herself, which made her beneficiary to the seat instead of her more seasoned sister Mary. In her young life Elizabeth had various tutors one of whom was Lady Margaret Bryan who needed to ask Cromwell for night outfits and chemises for the princess once she became out of them. Garments that had been requested by the princesses mother Anne Boleyn. At the point when Elizabeth was four Margaret Bryan was moved to the househo

Iraq and Kuwait essays

Iraq and Kuwait papers In August of 1990 a debate among Iraq and Kuwait emerged over domain ownership and oil costs. Iraq contended that Kuwait would not bring down oil costs by declining to diminish oil creation. Iraq has additionally made cases that Kuwait was generally part of Iraqs land. This debate at last lead to Desert Storm. Desert Storm went on until February of 1991. The battle finished because of mediation of the US just as an alliance of more than 30 different nations. By then the Iraqi soldiers had just harmed towns, just as devastating 742 of Kuwaits 1,080 oil wells, which prompted a natural calamity. Furthermore, they likewise returned a large number of Kuwaiti prisoners to Baghdad .after ten years 605 prisoners are as yet being held hostage just as tormented. I. Kuwait and Iraqs Geographic History 1.The essentialness of the area of the two nations has been the reason for some debates between the two nations. Since the littler nation of Kuwait is situated inside the bigger nation of Iraq, Iraqs strain to deal with Kuwait has consistently expanded throughout the years. 2.Due to the excess of oil inside Kuwait, it has made the nation a high product. Since Kuwait is a principle wellspring of oil for a greater part of the nation, control of the region would mean a lift in the nations economy. 1.The proceeded with detainment of Desert Storm POWs, is an infringement of human rights just as the Geneva Code that expresses that detainees of war must be discharged upon the disintegration of the war. Saddam as of now prevents the charges from claiming Kuwaiti detainees being held inside his nation yet will not give overseers access to explore the circumstance. It is accepted that Saddam is holding the detainees as a triumphant card against Kuwait, in attempting to control of the region. ... <!

Really, I dont feel like thinking of a title right now

Really, I don’t feel like thinking of a title right now As much as I hate Twitter, I think Im going to follow the trend of micro-blogging that has apparently hit MIT Admissions this week. See, Im hosed beyond all imagining, but as its basically my LAST WEEK AT MIT (?#@^*!!!), all kinds of awesome and interesting things are going on which will not be nearly as cool when blogged about after the fact. (By the way, I probably have a dozen blog entries that Ive planned and never written, and about 3 weeks between the time Im done with work and officially graduate and should probably stop blogging sobe prepared for that.) So, Ill sell my soul a little and turn this entry into a what is basically a Twitter feed. I hope you appreciate the enormity of this sacrifice of dignity. I do it all for you, dear readers. So, entry number 1! Friday May 1, 2009. 11:37 PM I just created the following page according to these strict guidelines: Yikes! This is crazy! (See any typos? Please, tell me! =P) Saturday, May 2. 12:02 PM Im in D-Lab right now (it occurs to me that I should post some pictures of this place later) and just ran into Jodie 09. Jodie and I go way back- we were almost temporary roommates. We found each other online and chatted a little before getting to MIT. By the time we actually got to campus, my rooming assignment had been switched (I was in a single, which actually really sucked for Orientation), so we never even ended up rooming together. When I got to campus I stopped by her room to say hi so we could finally meet in real life. We havent even really hung out after that, but we sort of smile and wave when we see each other. Anyway, Jodie is running around D-Lab stressing about her thesis, which is basically exactly what Im doing, so we shared our misery for a few minutes. I cant help but think back to the first and only other real conversation we had- our first day on campus, trying to figure out where the laundry room in the dorm was. Crazy how things come full circle, isnt it? Thursday, May 7. 7:52 PM Hey look, its me, on Youtube!!! Sunday, May 7. 5:38 PM I cant believe the end is so closeIm sitting in LMP (Lab for Manufacturing and Productivity) right now, trying to finish this thesis. Basically its a MechE computer lab that has been functioning as Thesis HQ for the last few days. Adelaide and I have been here for hours and hours, maybe days, maybe weeks, I dont even know anymore. There have been quite a few other people hanging out too, and we all immediately knew that we were all there for the same reason. I mean, if you didnt have a thesis to do in order to graduate, would you be in LMP at 3 AM on Sunday morning? Adelaide is really cute when shes sleep-deprived and thesising (now a verb). (The thing shes holding is the second prototype of the Braille Label Maker, her 2.009-turned-thesis project which has been owning at life lately and winning tons of awardsmore about that when I can give it the attention it deserves) Weve been bonding with the other Course 2 seniors, sharing junk food and caffeine, and repeating our new mottos: D is for diploma. Mystery Hunt Fun = Thesis I didnt pay for it, its not my explosion. (Yeah, I dont know where that one came from either, were all a little sleep-deprived over here) But Im making good progress here! I just made the following prettyful diagram: On to the editing Monday, May 11. 5:33 PM My thesis is done. Its printed on fancy special paper and turned into the undergraduate office. I had about 3 seconds to enjoy the relief from that moment before I headed over to the Rotch library to meet with a partner to finish writing a final report thats due tomorrow. I have barely slept, my brain is completely liquid, I havent had a real meal in days (I pretty much made a dinner out of Sun Chips and pineapple soda the other night), I feel like absolute crap, and this is absolutely the last thing Id like to be doing right now. Im actually pretty miserable at the moment. Even down to the bitter end, MIT enjoys beating you down and destroying your soul. Right now, IHTFP is feeling pretty one-sided

Article Review Measuring Progress Tests and Measurements...

Article Review: Measuring Progress-Tests and Measurements for the Parent, Teacher, Advocate, and Attorney by Peter W.D. Wright, EsQ. And Pamela Darr Wright, M.A., M.S.W. I. Review and Summary The work of Wright and Wright relates that individuals who have children with special needs are well aware of the requirement that they comprehend the laws relating to those special needs in education and the rights of their children. The parents of special needs children know that testing is the primary factor in determining the educational needs and benefits as well as the advancement or alternatively the lack of advancement of their child in the educational endeavor. Wright and Wright note that decisions concerning the childs education is such that must be formulated on the basis of  ¦objective information and facts rather than reactions and beliefs that are subjective and emotionally based. Wright and Wright review the case of Florence County School District Four v. Shannon Carter, 510 U. S. 7, 114 S. CT. 361, (1993) among others. In the case of Shannon Carter, which a landmark decision was issued by the Supreme Court. This cause involved the school system defaulting on their obligation to provide a free appropriate education to Shannon Carter, a child with learning disabilities and an Attention Deficit Disorder. (Wright and Wright, 2012, p.1) This case involved the school, while developing an IEP for Shannon in the tenth grade, refusing to provide the student with a moreShow MoreRelatedContemporary Issues in Management Accounting211377 Words   |  846 Pageswritten by distinguished scholars in the Weld. 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The tragical history of Doctor Faustus Essay - 1562 Words

The tragical history of Doctor Faustus, which followed in the wake of Tamburlaine, is acclaimed by all as Marlowes best play in which the leaven of fertile poetry and fearless imagination works wonders. Introduction: The tragical history of Doctor Faustus, which followed in the wake of Tamburlaine, is acclaimed by all as Marlowes best play in which the leaven of fertile poetry and fearless imagination works wonders. The idea of a passionate struggle to reach beyond the grasp of ordinary mortals as its theme Marlowe takes this old story of the medieval magician who sells his soul to the Devil for twenty four years of pleasure and the gift of all knowledge and gives it a significance as in to that of such world old†¦show more content†¦Aristotle calls the cause-and-effect chain leading from the incentive moment to the climax the tying up (desis), in modern terminology the complication. 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I.T and E Commerce of Hospitality Industry Free Essays

string(84) " the latest technology at their fingertips, from fax machines to Internet services\." Introduction Here is an attempt to understand and explain the information systems which are been used and how they are useful to the company and what are the drawbacks of those systems, and also how they can try to solve those problems. Hospitality Industry is a very fast growing industry. Every organisation wants to retain and also attract new customers. We will write a custom essay sample on I.T and E Commerce of Hospitality Industry or any similar topic only for you Order Now Information technology used by the hotel is very much important and plays a major role in providing a competitive edge over the competitors. Information Technology Trends in Hospitality Hotel Industry places a great emphasis on the provision of quality service to their customers/guest. There is a great demand for information from customers and hospitality service provider so hotel industry stared adopting computer based IT facilities to enhance its operational efficiency, control and reduce costs, and improve service quality (Camison, 2000; Cobanoglu et al., 2001; Siguaw and Enz, 1999; van Hoof et al., 1996). By investing in the IT benefits the hotel by enabling the guest to have a better experience, and also the hotel staff to work more efficiently and effectively to better assist customers. Hospitality Organizations the Internet Many prime hospitality organizations such as IHG group, Marriott International, Royal Caribbean, Jurys Inn, Hyatt International, Ritz Carlton, Hilton Hotel are using internet facilities over the years and have been taking advantage of the Internet opportunity by fully implementing the latest technological systems within their organisations. A new Internet-based procurement system which is considered flexible and user friendly has been implemented by IHG group. According to the Vice President of purchasing, Steve Shamion, it is important that the system is user friendly for a chief engineer, chef, housekeeper, etc. As soon as IHG succeeded 500 hotels, it was necessary to get rid of the manual system. Their main aim was to provide a new Intranet system with a web-based provider. The goal was to implement an Intranet system with a new web-based provider. The e-mail system is currently functioning efficiently as it alerts purchasing agents to contact suppliers in every case where corporate revises a product. The new system has enabled the IHG group for excellent quality control. In this respect, IHG claims that they are able to obtain high quality products at low costs via the Internet. Marriott Hotel and resort has chosen the same Internet provider for its new procurement system. They are analyzing the mechanics of the system as well as the concept of electronic purchasing and the advantages that could be realized by Hotel. One of the key elements of this research involves the â€Å"user friendliness† of the system. Another concern is the connection factor. The system must be reliable in connecting without failure. The content is another very important requirement. The suppliers must be able to easily find products on the site. As for the overall costs involved in the implementation of such a system, it is still unclear. On a positive note, both IHG and Marriott believe that they will be able to quantify the new system’s effects right away. By tracking every purchase over the web, this will allow them to record their progress. In the long-term, as one of the first movers in the hospitality industry, the prediction is that the overall impact w ill be positive. Leicester Marriott Marriott’s operations can be grouped into the following five business segments: Full-service lodging – 65% Select-service lodging – 11% Extended-stay lodging – 5% Timeshare – 15% Synthetic fuel – 4% Marriott operates under various different brand of hotel like Full Service Lodging Marriott Hotels Resorts JW Marriott Hotels Resorts Renaissance Hotels Ritz-Carlton BULGARI Hotels Resorts Autograph Collection Hotels Resorts Edition Hotels Resorts Marriott Conference Centres Courtyard by Marriott Fairfield Inn by Marriott Spring Hill Suites by Marriott Marriott Executive Stay Residence Inn by Marriott Towne Place Suites by Marriott Marriott Executive Apartments Marriott Vacation Club International (MVCI) Marriott Grand Residence Club The Residences at the Ritz-Carlton The Ritz-Carlton Destination Club Select Service Lodging Extended Stay Lodging Timeshare Leicester Marriott Hotel Overview 227 Bedrooms Mixx Restaurant Tanners Bar Atrium Lounge 21 dedicated meeting rooms Leisure Club facilities Wireless LAN in public areas Car park – 280 onsite spaces Marriott International, Inc. is a leading global lodging company that shapes and enables its business through an ambitious program of improvements in technology. In the beginning of late 1990s, Marriott realized that to be competitive and lead the future lodging market, it had to upgrade and fully integrate two of its most crucial systems: the Marriott automated Reservation system for Hotel accommodations (MaRsHa) and Marriott’s Internet technology platform, Marriott.com. These systems, combined with Marriott’s key business and inventory applications and marketing and loyalty programs, comprise a global technology infrastructure that facilitated more than 69.5 million new reservations in 2005, averaging over 190,000 per day, while maintaining availability of better than 99.99 percent. The updated infrastructure enabled 100 percent growth in Marriott.com sales from 2003 to 2005, logged single-day sales records of nearly $14 million, and led the industry in online hot el room’s sales. In fact, Marriott’s seamless multi-brand, multi-channel integration enables the company to offer the industry’s only global rate guarantee, the Look No Further ® Best Rate Guarantee, stating that Marriott guests will always get the lowest available rate when booking through any Marriott channel worldwide. It is a remarkable success story, demonstrating how aligning investments in technology infrastructure with business vision and strategy can enable extraordinary business results and how Marriott leveraged its early investment in ecommerce to set new standards for the global lodging industry Technologies used at Marriott Hotel Company website Point Of Sale-Micros Property Management System-Opera Central Reservation System-Marsha SAP for accounting and Payroll Fire Panel Door locks CCTV Blue Cube -Time Clock (Employee attendance) Cetral Reservation System In today’s fast-paced environment, business travellers have enough to be concerned about, without worrying about hotel accommodations. And, it takes more than just hotel rooms to win in the highly competitive lodging business. Professionals want the latest technology at their fingertips, from fax machines to Internet services. You read "I.T and E Commerce of Hospitality Industry" in category "Essay examples" Central Reservation System is used to connect to the different hotels of the same group. Currently at Marriott a software called MARSHA is used. MARSHA (Marriott’s Automated Reservation System for Hotel Accommodations), according to Rinaldi. â€Å"MARSHA allows guests to call in at any property and have a reservation agent allocate and book reservations,† he explains. â€Å"The Marriott Rewards System [a point-accumulation program to earn special savings] is also kept on this system so that guests can tabulate their points.† All major airlines and trav el agencies link into MARSHA by T1 and 56-Kbps connections as well. Micros-Opera Micros-Opera is one of the famous providers of property based system in today’s hospitality industry. Its PMS interface has become a common one within the hotel industry and is used by many as a de facto standard. Consequently, many software vendors use this interface because it makes it more likely that their software will be able to connect to other vendors’ applications. Micros: MICROS 9700 HMS It is the most widely used point-of-sale solution system in the leisure and entertainment marketplace. Built on years of industry experience, the entire 9700 HMS product suite is technology independent, running on MS SQL, Oracle, and Multiple Windows platforms. All 9700 HMS modules are web-delivered and enterprise enabled, making them easy to use while reducing total cost of ownership. 9700 HMS has proven installations ranging from small, specialized operations to large enterprise configurations spanning multiple properties in large geographic areas. Whether you operate one restaurant or hundreds, 9700 HMS has the functionality to meet your needs. Problems with Micros 1) When the systems crashes down then the checks has to be manually posted which is like duplication of work and time, there are even discrepancies sometimes and in that the company loses the revenue. 2)If there is a crash, it needs to be done by the help of a main server computer. But if the problem prevails there is a need to contact the vendor for his service. 3)The micros system sometimes get frozen which affect the overall performance of the server and the team. Difficulty Because Marriott involves representatives from every part of the company in all new initiatives from the very beginning, the company is spared many of the â€Å"growing pains† typically found when implementing large, global infrastructure projects. The company’s business and marketing managers are technologically fluent and worked closely with the Information Resources and ecommerce departments throughout the process of upgrading and integrating the reservations system and Web presence. There were, however, two key challenges Marriott faced in its MaRsHa and Marriott.com implementations: availability and scalability. Knowing that Marriott solutions have to be developed, implemented and rolled-out in a 24/7 global business environment, extra attention was paid to maintaining the reliability and availability of ongoing operations. This was a critical factor in the MaRsHa upgrade, since the reservations system is literally the life’s blood of the company. Marrio tt also upgraded both MaRsHa and Marriott.com with leading-edge scalability to support both current and future transaction volumes, and the systems have performed without data loss even as transactions have grown 400 percent over five years. Marriott’s early commitment to high-performance processing, scalable storage and business continuity made the transition to an integrated reservations/Web solution error-free.Marriott also took great care in test and development before moving new functionality into the global production environment. eMc’s advanced business continuity software supports the company’s robust testing capabilities, providing an up-to-date replicated copy of the MaRsHa production environment, which facilitates quality assurance, testing and development, without introducing any production performance degradation. Marriott also creates business continuance volumes (BcVs) from the replicated production data, which are used by developers, for examp le, to test database applications without affecting either the production or main test systems. The BcVs enable the creation of more robust development environments, better developer throughput, and the ability to go beyond normal functional testing to bring complex test environments to production and ultimately to market more quickly Conclusions Recommendations Now is the time for hospitality companies to take advantage of the opportunities available in creating a new value added customized online travel shopping experience for customers. The ultimate trend calls for something comparable to the shopping-bot. For those who are not familiar with the shop-bot concept, it is meant exclusively for online clothing shoppers who prefer to have a personal agent. Similar to the shop-bot, the future of the Internet in the travel industry will provide a travel bot who will play the hand-holding travel agent for those that require the most guidance in arranging their travel plans.This travel bot will create a custom experience that suits the particular customer needs offering a range of services including hotel rooms, restaurant tables, airline seats, and rental cars. The travel bot will provide advice and recommendations as currently found on GDSs. It is important to take a look at how Internet technology will affect the future of the tourism industry. Most IT tools are being utilized. However, there is still much room for improvement in speed, reliability, and adaptation to new technologies. It is crucial for companies to take advantage of the Internet before the competition. A solid RD function is one of the elements in this process. It is pertinent to study the customers and their businesses by encouraging them to fill out a customer’s profile form on the web. It is important to consider how technological drivers will influence changes. Many traditional small and large players in the industry are having a difficult time adjusting to the changes involved in switching to a full IT based strategy.This is mainly due to the extent to which the Internet changes how hospitality services and amenities are delivered. It further alters the organizational structures within hospitality companies and modifies the interaction of the customer and service provider. The hospitality tourism internet future suggests a universal system where property management systems will eliminate the need for expensive on-site computer hardware/software. The maintenance problems relating to breakdowns, backups, and upgrades will be resolved in an easy efficient manner. The Internet will control all transactions involving credit card authorization, travel agent commissions, and point of sale transactions. This will result in fewer problems, a decrease in staff and an increase in profits. The typical hotel guest will have the option of selecting movies, games, software, shopping and information through voice communication and data/video, all available at a low cost. Future success for hospitality tourism companies depends upon their abilities to identify a target market and the strategic opportunities available for survival and growth. If data is managed properly, the technology can assist hoteliers and restaurateurs in projecting the lifetime value of guests, creating increased loyalty, resulting in an increase in market share. The process of mass production has never been accepted in the tourism industry; therefore customized services are a must for survival. Today’s computer world allows for mass customization in pricing, location, and amenities to a more knowledge-based format. In this case, marketing and IT departments must work closely toward a merger of core competencies.The drive toward e-commerce success includes a plan to track surfing and consumption habits such as the buyers, payers, and the return visitors. Independent consultants are available to provide this data efficiently and confidentially. It is crucial for hospitality tourism organizations to stay on top of the roles of the major online players that are posing a serious threat to the industry such as Travelocity, Priceline, Expedia, Yahoo, etc. Their role in the future of hospitality tourism marketing is crucial to the survival of Hoteliers. Hospitality tourism organizations might want to look into the potential of becoming one of the first movers to join the dot com craze. The already established loyal customer base will allow hospitality tourism organizations to have an upper-hand over general online threats. The customized travel bot could provide the ultimate travel experience of a lifetime for customers in adding the most value, thus allowing first movers in the industry to gain an overall competitive advantage. Bibliography E-Commerce in Hospitality Tourism. 2011. E-Commerce in Hospitality Tourism. [ONLINE] Available at: http://gonzales.com.sg/techno.html. [Accessed 12 Feb 2011]. Marriott International’s Accommodating Network – Network Computing. 2011. Marriott International’s Accommodating Network – Network Computing. [ONLINE] Available at:http://www.networkcomputing.com/909/909centerfoldtext.html. [Accessed 21 Feb 2011] Point of Sale Software Enterprise Information System. 2011. Point of Sale Software Enterprise Information System. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.micros.com/. [Accessed 18 Feb 2011] Technology Jargon Buster – 8/31/2005 – Caterer Search. 2011. Technology Jargon Buster – 8/31/2005-CatererSearch .[ONLINE]Available at :http://www.caterersearch.com/Articles/2005/08/31/302345/Technology-Jargon-Buster.htm. [Accessed 12 Feb 2011]http://www.marriot.com/ Marriott Global Source. 2011. Marriott Global Source. [ONLINE] Available at:http://mgs.marriott.com/index.html. [Accessed 16 Feb 2011] How to cite I.T and E Commerce of Hospitality Industry, Essay examples

Multiple Sclerosis Essays - Multiple Sclerosis, Autoimmune Diseases

Multiple Sclerosis Multiple Sclerosis is a disease that bewilders us all.. There is no known cause. We do know that MS (multiple sclerosis) is a disease where the myelin breaks down and is replaced by scar tissue. The demyelination can slow down or block the flow of signals to and from the central nervous system to the rest of the body, impairing such functions as vision, strength, and coordination.1 While we do know what MS is we still don't know why, where and when people contract the disease. It has been proven that MS generally appears between the ages of twenty to forty and it strikes women at more than twice the ratio it strikes men. Statistics have also shown that the disease strikes the middle and upper class more than the lower class and poor. Worldwide research shows that MS has a broad geographical distribution. It has long established that MS is more prominent in colder regions and rare in tropical areas. Maine being a colder climate has shown some of the highest rates of MS.2 There is evidence of a slight increase in MS among first degree relatives--parents, siblings, and children. It is also suspected that the same family members may inherent a genetic susceptibility to MS. While it is possible to inherit a genetic susceptibility to MS, it is not possible to inherit the disease. And even people who have all the necessary genes don't necessarily get MS. The disease, experts believe, must be triggered by environmental factors. So MS is not considered a hereditary disease.3 Until the definite cause of Ms is proved the treatment cannot be truly scientific. But there are treatments that are effective in dealing with symptoms. For instance, there are the common sense treatments that everyone, with or without an illness, should treat themselves with, which are: A healthy diet, exercise, sufficient amount of rest and to live your life as you would normally. There are also lots of drugs that treat many of the different symptoms. Since there are so many symptoms page 2 and treatments, I will only list a few: Treatments that increase the blood flow, that decrease blood clotting, treatments for chemical eccess or deficiency, treatments to prevent infection and treatments for the immune system. Treatment and rehabilitation have also been joined together. Weakness is one of the major symptoms of Ms and can be treated with physical therapy and strengthening exercises. One of the best exercises for reducing weakness in the limbs is hydrotherapy. Hydrotherapy is done in the water. Hydrotherapy exercises use the benefits of buoyancy. Another way to eliminate weakness is to stay off a weak limb. Overall, by recognizing limits and using common sense, weakness can be greatly diminished.4 Spasticity, another MS symptom, is most effectively treated with physical therapy. Cold is an excellent temporary measure for relaxing the spastic limb. Hydrotherapy is, again, the most effective exercise for relief, combining stretching and cool temperatures. There are also many medications for spasticity, such as Baclofen, Dantrollene, and Diazepam. Relaxation techniques such as yoga, transcendental meditation, biofeedback, have been successful with spasticity as well. 5 Some MS patients might have mild to sever balance trouble. In mild cases, the person can learn how to compensate easily by standing and walking with a little wider base and taking short steps rather than long strides. When balance trouble is a little more severe, a four-pronged cane, crutches or a walker may be necessary.6 Someone with MS could have visual problems. The problem varies from decreased acuity, blurred or cloudy vision, and double vision. The treatment depends on the stage of the problem. If it is a new part of an attack, visual loss responds to steroids. If it is a persistent problem, glasses or special lenses might be the best treatment.7 page 3 Bladder problems are unfortunately not uncommon with MS. The most common are frequency and urgency. There are three good medications that relieve symptoms when they are present for more than a week or two: Pro-Banthine, Ditropan and Tofranil. Iif bladder problems do not respond to medication, a complete bladder training problem may be prescribed.7 The treatments and medications used ten years ago are still effective and

Best Character Analysis Nick Carraway â€The Great Gatsby

Best Character Analysis Nick Carraway –The Great Gatsby SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Nick Carraway is The Great Gatsby’s narrator, but he isn’t the protagonist (main character). This makes Nick himself somewhat tricky to observe, since we see the whole novel through his eyes. How can you watch the narrator? This difficulty is compounded by the fact that Nick is an unreliable narrator – basically, a narrator who doesn’t always tell us the truth about what’s happening. In this post we will explore what we objectively know about Nick, what he does in the novel, his famous lines, common essay topics/discussion topics about Nick, and finally some FAQs about Mr. Carraway. Article Roadmap Nickas a character Nick's background Actions in the novel Character Analysis Quotes about and byNick Nick as a narrator Nick as a character FAQ clarifyingconfusing points about Nick Quick Note on Our Citations Our citation format in this guide is (chapter.paragraph). We're using this system since there are many editions of Gatsby, so using page numbers would only work for students with our copy of the book. To find a quotation we cite via chapter and paragraph in your book, you can either eyeball it (Paragraph 1-50: beginning of chapter; 50-100: middle of chapter; 100-on: end of chapter), or use the search function if you're using an online or eReader version of the text. Nick Carraway's Background Nick grew up in the â€Å"middle West,† (what we call the Midwest), in a wealthy family that was â€Å"something of a clan† (1.5). His family made their money from a wholesale hardware business his grandfather’s brother began after sending a substitute to fight for him in the Civil War. Nick attended Yale, like his father, and then fought in WWI. Upon his return, he found the Midwest incredibly boring and so set off for New York to become a bond salesman: â€Å"I enjoyed the counter-raid so thoroughly that I came back restless. Instead of being the warm center of the world the middle-west now seemed like the ragged edge of the universe- so I decided to go east and learn the bond business† (1.6). Of course, we later find out that Nick’s also getting away from a woman who expects that they’re getting married, but Nick downplays this fact in his narration, which is one of our clues to his dishonesty. To see how Nick's background intersects with the stories of the other characters in the novel, check out ourGreat Gatsby timeline. Nick's Actions in the Novel This is a summary of everything Nick does during the novel, leaving out flashbacks he hears from other characters. (For a complete summary of the plot, check out our book summary!) At the beginning of The Great Gatsby, Nick Carraway takes up residence in West Egg, in a small house next to Gatsby’s enormous mansion. The year is 1922, the stock market is booming, and Nick has found work as a bond salesman. In Chapter 1, he is invited to his cousin Daisy Buchanan’s home to have dinner with her and her husband Tom, an old college acquaintance of his. There he meets Jordan Baker, Daisy’s friend and a professional golfer. In Chapter 2, while hanging out with Tom he ends up being dragged first to George Wilson’s garage to meet Tom’s mistress Myrtle Wilson, and then to the apartment Tom keeps for Myrtle in Manhattan. They invite over a bunch of friends and a drunken party ensues. Nick witnesses some of Tom’s ugliest behavior, including his physical abuse of Myrtle. In Chapter 3, Nick is invited to attend one of Jay Gatsby’s famous parties. There, he finally meets Gatsby, and also sees Jordan again. After seeing Jordan again at that party, they begin to date, and also does his best to win over her old Aunt, who controls her money. Once he starts dating Jordan he vows to stop sending weekly letters to the woman back in the Midwest. (Though, in typical Nick fashion, he never confirms that he stops sending the letters.) He also mentions a brief affair with a woman in his office that he lets fizzle out. After meeting Gatsby in Chapter 3 they begin spending time together. In Chapter 4 they drive to Manhattan together. At first he’s pretty wary of Gatsby and his story. This wariness of Gatsby is compounded by Nick’s poor (and very anti-Semitic!) impression of Meyer Wolfsheim, one of Gatsby’s associates. Later in Chapter 4, Nick meets up with Jordan in the plaza hotel and she tells him about Daisy and Gatsby’s romantic history (which she heard all about at the previous party). Nick agrees to arrange a meeting between Daisy and Gatsby, which occurs in Chapter 5. In Chapter 6, Nick goes to Gatsby’s house and witnesses an awkward exchange between Gatsby, a couple named Sloane, and Tom Buchanan. The trio had stopped by Gatsby’s house and Gatsby misreads how serious they are about having dinner together. Later, Tom and Daisy attend one of Gatsby’s parties. Tom is immediately suspicious about where Gatsby gets his money while Daisy has a bad time, looking down her nose at the affair. Gatsby confides in Nick afterwards that he wants to repeat his past with Daisy. In Chapter 7, Nick is invited along to a lunch party at Tom and Daisy Buchanan’s house, along with Gatsby and Jordan. Gatsby is hoping Daisy will tell Tom that she never loved him and is leaving him for Gatsby, but starts to feel nervous doing that in Tom’s house. Daisy is anxious as well and suggests they all go to Manhattan. Nick rides to Manhattan with Tom and Jordan, in Gatsby’s yellow car. They stop by the Wilson’s garage, where he learns that George has discovered Myrtle’s affair, but not the man she is cheating on him with. In Manhattan, the group rents a room at the Plaza hotel. A bunch of secrets come out, including the fact that Tom knows Gatsby is a bootlegger. Daisy tries to say she never loved Tom but can’t stand by the statement, Tom, satisfied he’s won, tells Gatsby to take Daisy back home in his yellow car while he drives back with Nick and Jordan. Perhaps the least subtle car in the history of cars. On the way back, they come along Myrtle Wilson’s death scene: she has been hit by the yellow car. Later that night, Nick stays outside of the Buchanans’ house while waiting for a cab back to West Egg, too disgusted with their behavior to go inside. He sees Gatsby waiting outside – he wants to make sure Daisy is alright. Meanwhile, Nick spots Tom and Daisy inside looking like co-conspirators. In Chapter 8, Nick goes to work but can’t concentrate. Jordan calls him to say where she’s staying, but he’s disgusted she doesn’t seem shaken by Myrtle’s death and they fight and break up. Nick later spends time with Gatsby in his mansion and learns his whole life story. The next day, Gatsby is shot and killed by George Wilson (and George kills himself). In Chapter 9, Nick struggles to arrange a funeral for Gatsby, which in the end is only attended by Gatsby’s father and Owl Eyes. Disgusted with the morally lawless life in the East, he decides to retreat back home to the Midwest. Key Nick Carraway Quotes In my younger and more vulnerable years my father gave me some advice that I've been turning over in my mind ever since. "Whenever you feel like criticizing any one," he told me, "just remember that all the people in this world haven't had the advantages that you've had." (1.1-2) The first lines establish Nick as thoughtful, thorough, privileged, and judgmental. This line also sets the tone for the first few pages, where Nick tells us about his background and tries to encourage the reader to trust his judgment. While he comes off as thoughtful and observant, we also get the sense he is judgmental and a bit snobby. To see more analysis of why the novel begins how it does, and what Nick's father's advice means for him as a character and as a narrator, read our article on the beginning ofThe Great Gatsby. When I came back from the East last autumn I felt that I wanted the world to be in uniform and at a sort of moral attention forever; I wanted no more riotous excursions with privileged glimpses into the human heart. Only Gatsby, the man who gives his name to this book, was exempt from my reaction- Gatsby, who represented everything for which I have an unaffected scorn. (1.4) Another quote from the first few pages of the novel, this line sets up the novel’s big question: why does Nick become so close to Gatsby, given that Gatsby represents everything he hates? It also hints to the reader that Nick will come to care about Gatsby deeply while everyone else will earn his â€Å"unaffected scorn.† While this doesn’t give away the plot, it does help the reader be a bit suspicious of everyone but Gatsby going into the story. Every one suspects himself of at least one of the cardinal virtues, and this is mine: I am one of the few honest people that I have ever known. (3.171) This is likely the moment when you start to suspect Nick doesn’t always tell the truth – if everyone â€Å"suspects† themselves of one of the cardinal virtues (the implication being they aren’t actually virtuous), if Nick says he’s honest, perhaps he’s not? Furthermore, if someone has to claim that they are honest, that often suggests that they do things that aren’t exactly trustworthy. Suddenly I wasn't thinking of Daisy and Gatsby any more but of this clean, hard, limited person who dealt in universal skepticism and who leaned back jauntily just within the circle of my arm. A phrase began to beat in my ears with a sort of heady excitement: "There are only the pursued, the pursuing, the busy and the tired." (4.164) Nick’s interactions with Jordan are some of the only places where we get a sense of any vulnerability or emotion from Nick. In particular, Nick seems quite attracted to Jordan and being with her makes a phrase â€Å"beat† in his ears with â€Å"heady excitement.† If there are only the pursued, the pursuing, the busy, and the tired, it would appear Nick is happy to be the pursuer at this particular moment. "They're a rotten crowd," I shouted across the lawn. "You're worth the whole damn bunch put together." (8.45) This line, which comes after Myrtle’s death and Tom, Daisy, and Jordan’s cold reaction to it, establishes that Nick has firmly come down on Gatsby’s side in the conflict between the Buchanans and Gatsby. It also shows Nick’s disenchantment with the whole wealthy east coast crowd and also that, at this point, he is devoted to Gatsby and determined to protect his legacy. This hints to us that our once seemingly impartial narrator is now seeing Gatsby more generously than he sees others. Gatsby believed in the green light, the orgastic future that year by year recedes before us. It eluded us then, but that's no matter- tomorrow we will run faster, stretch out our arms farther. . . . And one fine morning- - So we beat on, boats against the current, borne back ceaselessly into the past. (9.153-4) This is Nick’s conclusion to his story, which can be read as cynical, hopeful, or realistic, depending on how you interpret it. You can read in detail about these lines in our article about the novel’s ending. Nick Carraway Character Analysis Nick is the narrator, but he is not omniscient (he can’t see everything), and he’s also very human and flawed. In other words, he’s an unreliable narrator, sometimes because he’s not present for a certain event, other times because he presents the story out of order, and finally because he sometimes obscures the truth. (It takes most students two reads of the novel to even catch the fact that Nick has a woman waiting for him back in the Midwest.) Because of his unreliable narrator status, the central questions many teachers try to get at with Nick is to explore his role in the story, how the story would be different without his narration, and how he compares to Gatsby. In short, you often have to analyze Nick as a character, not the narrator. This can be tricky because you have to compare Nick’s narration with his dialogue, his actions, and how he chooses to tell the story. You also have to realize that when you’re analyzing the other characters, you’re doing that based on information from Nick, which may or may not be reliable. Basically, nothing we hear in the novel can be completely accurate since it comes through the (necessarily) flawed point of view of a single person. The best way to analyze Nick himself is to choose a few passages to close read, and use what you observe from close-reading to build a larger argument. Pay close attention to moments, especially Nick’s encounters with Jordan, that give you a glimpse at Nick’s emotions and vulnerabilities. We will demonstrate this in action below! Pictured: the rose-tinted glasses Nick apparently starts to see Gatsby through. Nick as the Narrator These first questions analyze Nick's role as a narrator. Why Is Nick the Narrator and Not Gatsby? Since Nick gives a roughly chronological account of the summer of 1922, we get to see the development of Gatsby from mysterious party-giver to love-struck dreamer to tragic figure (who rose from humble roots and became rich, all in a failed attempt to win over Daisy). If Gatsby was the narrator, it would be harder for Fitzgerald to show that progression, unless Gatsby relayed his life story way out of order, which might have been hard to accomplish from Gatsby’s POV. The novel would have also been a much more straightforward story, probably with less suspense: Gatsby was born poor in South Dakota, became friends with Dan Cody, learned how to act rich, lost Cody’s inheritance, fell in love with Daisy, fought in the war, became determined to win her back, turned to crime. In short, Fitzgerald could have told the same story, but it would have had much less suspense and mystery, plus it would have been much harder to relay the aftermath of Gatsby’s death. Unless the point of view abruptly switched after Gatsby was shot, the reader would have no idea what exactly happened to Gatsby, what happened to George Wilson, and finally wouldn’t be able to see Gatsby’s funeral. Plus, with a narrator other than Gatsby himself, it’s easier to analyze Gatsby as a character. Nick is very observant, and he is able to notice things about Gatsby, like the way he misses social cues, subtle shifts in his mood, and even smaller details like his arresting smile. We probably wouldn’t have seen these facets of Gatsby if Gatsby himself were telling the story. Finally, since Nick is both â€Å"within and without† the New York elite, he is an excellent ticket in to the reader – he can both introduce us to certain facets of that world while also sharing in much of our shock and skepticism. Nick is just like the â€Å"new student at school† or â€Å"new employee† trope that so many movies and TV shows use as a way to introduce viewers into a new world. With Gatsby as narrator, it would be harder to observe all the details of the New York social elite. Is Nick Carraway an Unreliable Narrator? In many ways, Nick is an unreliable narrator: he’s dishonest about his own shortcomings (downplaying his affairs with other women, as well as his alcohol use), and he doesn’t tell us everything he knows about the characters upfront (for example, he waits until Chapter 6 to tell us the truth about Gatsby’s origins, even though he knows the whole time he’s telling the story, and even then glosses over unflattering details like the details of Gatsby’s criminal enterprises), and he’s often harsh in his judgments (and additionally anti-Semitic, racist, and misogynistic). As a reader, you should be skeptical of Nick because of how he opens the story, namely that he spends a few pages basically trying to prove himself a reliable source (see our beginning summary for more on this), and later, how he characterizes himself as â€Å"one of the few honest people I have ever known† (3.171). After all, does an honest person really have to defend their own honesty? However, despite how judgmental he is, Nick is a very observant person, especially in regard to other people, their body language, and social situations. For example, in Chapter 6, Nick immediately senses Gatsby isn’t really welcome at the Sloanes’ house before Tom says it outright. Nick is also able to accurately predict Daisy won’t leave Tom at the end of Chapter 1, after observing her standing in the door with Tom: â€Å"I was confused and a little disgusted as I drove away. It seemed to me that the thing for Daisy to do was to rush out of the house, child in arms- but apparently there were no such intentions in her head† (1.150). If only Jay could have seen Daisy’s intentions so clearly! We also come away with a very clear understanding of the messy climax (Myrtle’s death at the hands of Daisy in Gatsby’s car, George Wilson’s psychological decay and murder/suicide of Gatsby), since Nick tells the events from his point of view but also from Michaelis’s, who owns a coffee shop near George Wilson’s garage. In short, Nick delegates to another narrator when he knows he doesn’t have enough information, and makes sure the reader comes away with a clear understanding of the fundamental events of the tragedy. In short, you shouldn’t believe everything Nick says, especially his snobbier asides, but you can take his larger characterizations and version of events seriously. But as you read, try to separate Nick’s judgments about people from his observations! Is Nick Actually the Hero of the Story? A hero, or protagonist, is generally the character whose actions propel the story forward, who the story focuses on, and they are usually tested or thwarted by an antagonist. So in the most traditional sense, Gatsby is the hero – he drives the action of the story by getting Jordan and Nick to reintroduce him to Daisy (which leads to the affair, confrontation in Manhattan, the death of Myrtle, and then the murder-suicide), he goes up against an antagonist of sorts (Tom), and the story ends with his death. Gatsby’s story is thus a cynical take on the traditional rags-to-riches story. However, some people see the protagonist as also the person who changes the most in the course of a story. In this case, you might argue that since Nick changes a lot during the novel (see below), while Gatsby during the story itself doesn’t change dramatically (his big character changes come before the chronology of the novel), that Nick is in fact the protagonist. Nick’s story is a take on the coming of age narrative – he even has an important birthday (30) in the novel! Basically, if you think the protagonist is the character who propels the action of the story, and someone who has an antagonist, it’s Gatsby. But if you think the protagonist is the person who changes the most, you could argue Nick is the hero. Nick as a Character We never get a physical description of Nick, so don't blame yourself if your mental image of him is bland and amorphous like this fellow. How Does Nick Change Throughout the Novel? Nick starts out naà ¯ve and hopeful about his summer, and his future in New York more generally, as revealed through his narration (this optimism about his own life is mixed up with his sharp, snarky characterizations of others, which remain mostly the same all through the novel). And so with the sunshine and the great bursts of leaves growing on the trees- just as things grow in fast movies- I had that familiar conviction that life was beginning over again with the summer. There was so much to read for one thing and so much fine health to be pulled down out of the young breath-giving air. (1.-12) (emphasis added) As the summer goes on, he meets someone wildly more hopeful than he is – Gatsby, of course – and he begins to be more cynical in how he views his own life in comparison, realizing that there are certain memories and feelings he can no longer access. Through all he said, even through his appalling sentimentality, I was reminded of something- an elusive rhythm, a fragment of lost words, that I had heard somewhere a long time ago. For a moment a phrase tried to take shape in my mouth and my lips parted like a dumb man's, as though there was more struggling upon them than a wisp of startled air. But they made no sound and what I had almost remembered was uncommunicable forever. (6.135) (emphasis added) Finally, after the deaths of Myrtle, Gatsby, and Wilson, as well as the passing of his thirtieth birthday, Nick is thoroughly disenchanted, cynical, regretful, even angry, as he tries to protect Gatsby’s legacy in the face of an uncaring world, as well as a renewed awareness of his own mortality. "I'm thirty," I said. "I'm five years too old to lie to myself and call it honor." She didn't answer. Angry, and half in love with her, and tremendously sorry, I turned away. (9.125-6) After Gatsby's death the East was haunted for me like that, distorted beyond my eyes' power of correction. (9.127) On the last night, with my trunk packed and my car sold to the grocer, I went over and looked at that huge incoherent failure of a house once more. On the white steps an obscene word, scrawled by some boy with a piece of brick, stood out clearly in the moonlight and I erased it, drawing my shoe raspingly along the stone. (9.150) In short, as much as this is a novel about Gatsby’s failed dream/love for Daisy, you could also argue it tells the story of Nick’s loss of hope and innocence as he enters his 30s. How Does Nick Feel About Gatsby? Why Does He Come to Like Him so Much? Nick goes from initially taken with Gatsby, to skeptical, to admiring, even idealizing him, over the course of the book. When he first meets Gatsby in Chapter 3, he is drawn in by his smile and immediately senses a peer and friend, before of course Gatsby reveals himself as THE Jay Gatsby: He smiled understandingly- much more than understandingly. It was one of those rare smiles with a quality of eternal reassurance in it, that you may come across four or five times in life. It faced- or seemed to face- the whole external world for an instant, and then concentrated onyouwith an irresistible prejudice in your favor. It understood you just so far as you wanted to be understood, believed in you as you would like to believe in yourself and assured you that it had precisely the impression of you that, at your best, you hoped to convey. (3.73) In Chapter 4, Nick is highly skeptical of Gatsby’s story about his past, although he is somewhat impressed by the medal from â€Å"little Montenegro† (4.32). He looked at me sideways- and I knew why Jordan Baker had believed he was lying. He hurried the phrase "educated at Oxford," or swallowed it or choked on it as though it had bothered him before. And with this doubt his whole statement fell to pieces and I wondered if there wasn't something a little sinister about him after all. (4.24) He also seems increasingly skeptical after his encounter with Meyer Wolfshiem, who Nick describes very anti-Semitically. When Wolfshiem vouches for Gatsby’s â€Å"fine breeding,† (4.99) Nick seems even more suspicious of Gatsby’s origins. In Chapter 5, as Nick observes the reunion between Gatsby and Daisy, he first sees Gatsby as much more human and flawed (especially in the first few minutes of the encounter, when Gatsby is incredibly awkward), and then sees Gatsby has transformed and â€Å"literally glowed† (5.87). As Nick watches Gatsby blossom in Daisy’s presence, I think Nick himself is won over by Gatsby. Notice how warm Nick’s description is: But there was a change in Gatsby that was simply confounding. He literally glowed; without a word or a gesture of exultation a new well-being radiated from him and filled the little room (5.87) In Chapter 6, Nick honestly and frankly observes how Gatsby is snubbed by the Sloanes, but he seems more like he’s pitying Gatsby than making fun of him. It almost seems like he’s trying to protect Gatsby by cutting off the scene just as Gatsby comes out the door, coat in hand, after the Sloanes have coldly left him behind: Tom and I shook hands, the rest of us exchanged a cool nod and they trotted quickly down the drive, disappearing under the August foliage just as Gatsby with hat and light overcoat in hand came out the front door. (6.59) By Chapter 7, during the confrontation in the hotel, Nick is firmly on Gatsby’s side, to the point that he is elated when Gatsby reveals that he did, in fact, attend Oxford but didn’t graduate: I wanted to get up and slap him on the back. I had one of those renewals of complete faith in him that I'd experienced before. (7.221) As the rest of the novel plays out, Nick becomes more admiring of Gatsby, even as he comes to dislike the Buchanans (and Jordan, by extension) more and more. Why exactly Nick becomes so taken with Gatsby is, I think, up to the reader. In my reading, Nick, as someone who rarely steps outside of social boundaries and rarely gets â€Å"carried away† with love or emotion (see how coldly he ends not one but three love affairs in the book!), is admiring and even somewhat jealous of Gatsby, who is so determined to build a certain life for himself that he manages to transform the poor James Gatz into the infamous, wealthy Jay Gatsby. On the last night, with my trunk packed and my car sold to the grocer, I went over and looked at that huge incoherent failure of a house once more. On the white steps an obscene word, scrawled by some boy with a piece of brick, stood out clearly in the moonlight and I erased it, drawing my shoe raspingly along the stone. (9.150) Gatsby’s fate also becomes entangled with Nick’s own increased cynicism, both about his future and life in New York, so he clings to the memory of Gatsby and becomes determined to tell his story. Is Nick Carraway Gay? At first, this might not seem plausible – Nick dates Jordan during the book (and also admits to a few other love affairs with women) and at one point confesses to being â€Å"half in love with [Jordan].† So why do people think Nick is gay? First of all, consider the odd moment at the end of Chapter 2 that seems to suggest Nick goes home with Mr. McKee: "Come to lunch some day," he suggested, as we groaned down in the elevator. "Where?" "Anywhere." "Keep your hands off the lever," snapped the elevator boy. "I beg your pardon," said Mr. McKee with dignity, "I didn't know I was touching it." "All right," I agreed, "I'll be glad to." . . . I was standing beside his bed and he was sitting up between the sheets, clad in his underwear, with a great portfolio in his hands. "Beauty and the Beast . . . Loneliness . . . Old Grocery Horse . . . Brook'n Bridge . . . ." Then I was lying half asleep in the cold lower level of the Pennsylvania Station, staring at the morning "Tribune" and waiting for the four o'clock train. (2.128-136) Nick’s narration is confused and sporadic as he was quite drunk after the party. However, what we do see – the elevator boy chiding him to â€Å"keep your hands off the lever† (hint hint wink wink nudge nudge), shortly followed by Nick saying â€Å"I was standing beside [Mr. McKee’s bed and he was sitting up between the sheets, clad in his underwear†- seems to pretty strongly suggest a sexual encounter. And in a novel that is so short and carefully constructed, why add this short scene unless it’s supposed to help us understand Nick? Some people see that scene as a confirmation of Nick’s sexual preference, or at least an indication he’s attracted to men as well as women. However, since this was the 1920s, he couldn’t exactly be out and proud, which is why he would never frankly admit to being attracted to men in his sober narration. So instead, as the theory goes, his love for and attraction to for Gatsby is mirrored through a filter of intense admiration. So, using this reading, The Great Gatsby is narrated by a man suffered from unrequited love. Do you have to take this reading as fact? Not at all. But if you’re curious you can check out a fuller write-up of the â€Å"Nick as gay† reading and decide for yourself. Final Questions These are questions students often have about Nick after reading the book, but ones that don’t always come up in classroom discussions or essay topics. Read on if you still have unanswered questions about Nick! Also, be sure to let us know in the comments if you have more questions about Nick! What’s Going on With Nick and Jordan’s Relationship? Do They Actually Like Each Other? Nick says in his opening narration that most people in the east have earned his â€Å"unaffected scorn,† so it’s confusing to see him cozy up to Jordan in the next few chapters (1.4). However, keep in mind that scorn is earned over the course of the novel, and Nick writes the opening narration looking back at everything. So before the tragic conclusion, Nick actually is strongly attracted to Jordan and hasn’t yet realized that her attractive skepticism actually means she can be callous and uncaring. Our quote above from Chapter 4, as Nick finds himself attracted to the â€Å"hard, clean, limited† Jordan, illustrates that strong initial attraction. But post break-up, do they still feel anything for each other? Their break-up scene is really helpful to analyze to answer this question: "Nevertheless you did throw me over," said Jordan suddenly. "You threw me over on the telephone. I don't give a damn about you now but it was a new experience for me and I felt a little dizzy for a while." We shook hands. "Oh, and do you remember- " she added, "- - a conversation we had once about driving a car?" "Why- not exactly." "You said a bad driver was only safe until she met another bad driver? Well, I met another bad driver, didn't I? I mean it was careless of me to make such a wrong guess. I thought you were rather an honest, straightforward person. I thought it was your secret pride." "I'm thirty," I said. "I'm five years too old to lie to myself and call it honor." She didn't answer. Angry, and half in love with her, and tremendously sorry, I turned away. (9.130-136) Jordan, for her part, seems to admit to having genuinely liked Nick when they break up at the end and was quite hurt. And Nick, for once, is a mess of emotions: â€Å"angry† and â€Å"half in love.† So despite Nick’s earlier proclamation that everyone from the east coast is the object of his â€Å"unaffected scorn,† it would seem his attachment to Jordan is a bit more complicated: he’s disgusted by some of her behavior and yet still feels a strong attraction to her, strong enough that he’s angry and sorry during their break-up. Of course, if you subscribe to the â€Å"Nick loves Gatsby† theory you could chalk much of this scene up to repressed desires, especially Nick’s comment about not wanting to lie to himself. Why Does Nick Say â€Å"You’re better than the whole damn bunch of them†? This statement officially marks Nick’s disillusionment with the East Coast, old money crowd. Remember that this line comes after the car accident, and the scene in the hotel just before that, so he’s just seen Daisy and Tom’s ugliest behavior. Nick is proud of the statement since it was one of the last things he ever got to say to Gatsby. What can be a bit harder to spot is when exactly Nick’s earlier distrust of Gatsby morphed into respect. I argued above it begins in Chapter 5, when he watches Gatsby’s reunion with Daisy and sees Gatsby transformed and enraptured by love. What’s Next? Nick sets the stage in Chapter 1 by first explaining why he can be trusted as a narrator. Read our summary of Chapter 1 for more analysis as to why Nick’s opening makes him a bit suspicious as a narrator. Want to read more about Nick and Jordan’s relationship? Curious as to why they get together despite their differences in background? Read about love, desire, and relationships in Gatsby for more on their relationship. Did Fitzgerald see himself as more of a Carraway or a Gatsby? Read our history of F. Scott Fitzgerald’s life for more on the man behind the book. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Almorzar Conjugation in Spanish, Translation, Examples

Conjugation in Spanish, Translation, Examples Unlike English, in Spanish we have a single verb that means to eat lunch or to have lunch- the verb . When conjugating  , remember that it is a stem-changing  -ar  verb. This means that when you conjugate it, sometimes there is a change in the stem of the verb (and not just in the ending). In this case, the  o  in  Ã‚  changes to  ue  in some conjugations. For example,  Ella siempre almuerza pasta  (She always eats  pasta for lunch). The tables below contain the conjugations for  Ã‚  in the indicative mood (present, past and future), subjunctive mood (present and past) as well as the imperative mood and other verb forms, such as the present and past participles. Present Indicative In the present indicative tense, there is a stem change, o to ue, in all of the conjugations except  nosotros  and  vosotros.   Yo almuerzo I eat lunch Yo almuerzo a medioda. T almuerzas You eat lunch T almuerzas en el trabajo. Usted/l/ella almuerza You/he/she eats lunch Ella almuerza en la escuela. Nosotros almorzamos We eat lunch Nosotros almorzamos con nuestros amigos. Vosotros almorzis You eat lunch Vosotros almorzis temprano. Ustedes/ellos/ellas almuerzan You/they eat lunch Ellos almuerzan una ensalada. Preterite  Indicative Remember that there are two forms of the past tense in Spanish. The preterit tense is normally used to talk about punctual events or events that have a defined ending in the past. There are no stem changes in the preterite indicative conjugations. Yo almorc I ate lunch Yo almorc a medioda. T almorzaste You ate lunch T almorzaste en el trabajo. Usted/l/ella almorz You/he/she ate lunch Ella almorz en la escuela. Nosotros almorzamos We ate lunch Nosotros almorzamos con nuestros amigos. Vosotros almorzasteis You ate lunch Vosotros almorzasteis temprano. Ustedes/ellos/ellas on You/they ate lunch Ellos on una ensalada. Imperfect  Indicative The imperfect tense is commonly used to talk about ongoing events in the past, and can be translated to English as was eating lunch or used to eat lunch. There are no stem changes in the imperfect indicative conjugations either.   Yo almorzaba I used to eat lunch Yo almorzaba a medioda. T almorzabas You used to eat lunch T almorzabas en el trabajo. Usted/l/ella almorzaba You/he/she used to eat lunch Ella almorzaba en la escuela. Nosotros almorzbamos We used to eat lunch Nosotros almorzbamos con nuestros amigos. Vosotros almorzabais You used to eat lunch Vosotros almorzabais temprano. Ustedes/ellos/ellas almorzaban You/they used to eat lunch Ellos almorzaban una ensalada. Future  Indicative To form the future tense, we use the infinitive of the verb,  ,  drop the -ar, and add the future tense endings (à ©, s, n, emos, à ©is, n). There are no stem changes in the future tense. Yo I will eat lunch Yo a medioda. T s You will eat lunch T s en el trabajo. Usted/l/ella n You/he/she will eat lunch Ella en la escuela. Nosotros emos We will eat lunch Nosotros emos con nuestros amigos. Vosotros is You will eat lunch Vosotros is temprano. Ustedes/ellos/ellas n You/they will eat lunch Ellos n una ensalada. Periphrastic Future  Indicative Yo voy a I am going to eat lunch Yo voy a a medioda. T vas a You are going to eat lunch T vas a en el trabajo. Usted/l/ella va a You/he/she is going to eat lunch Ella va a en la escuela. Nosotros vamos a We are going to eat lunch Nosotros vamos a con nuestros amigos. Vosotros vais a You are going to eat lunch Vosotros vais a temprano. Ustedes/ellos/ellas van a You/they are going to eat lunch Ellos van a una ensalada. Conditional  Indicative The conditional is formed similarly to the future tense, since we start with the infinitive form  . However, the conditional endings are à ­a, à ­as, à ­a, à ­amos, à ­ais, and à ­an. Yo a I would eat lunch Yo a a medioda. T as You would eat lunch T as en el trabajo. Usted/l/ella a You/he/she would eat lunch Ella a en la escuela. Nosotros amos We would eat lunch Nosotros amos con nuestros amigos. Vosotros ais You would eat lunch Vosotros ais temprano. Ustedes/ellos/ellas an You/they would eat lunch Ellos an una ensalada. Present Progressive/Gerund Form The progressive tenses in Spanish are formed using the verb  estar  followed by the present participle, which is also the gerund. For -ar verbs, drop the -ar and add the ending  -ando.   Present Progressive of    est almorzando   She is eating lunch   Ella est almorzando en el restaurante.   Past Participle The past participle in Spanish is used to form compound verb tenses. For -ar verbs, the past participle is formed by dropping the -ar and adding the ending  ando. Present Perfect of  Ã‚   ha almorzado   She has eaten lunch   Ella ha almorzado en el restaurante.  Ã‚   Present Subjunctive Similar to the present indicative tense, the present subjunctive tense has the stem change  o to ue in all the  conjugations except nosotros and vosotros. Que yo almuerce That I eat lunch Esteban desea que yo almuerce a medioda. Que t almuerces That you eat lunch Marta desea que t almuerces en el trabajo. Que usted/l/ella almuerce That you/he/she eat lunch Carlos desea que ella almuerce en la escuela. Que nosotros almorcemos That we eat lunch Flavia desea que nosotros almorcemos con nuestros amigos. Que vosotros almorcis That you eat lunch Felipe desea que vosotros almorcis temprano. Que ustedes/ellos/ellas almuercen That you/they eat lunch Laura desea que ellos almuercen una ensalada. Imperfect  Subjunctive The base for conjugating the imperfect subjunctive is the third person plural form of the verb in the preterite indicative (on). Since there is no stem change in the preterite form, then the imperfect subjunctive has no stem change. There are two different sets of endings for conjugating the imperfect subjunctive, which you can see in the tables below.   Option 1 Que yo a That I ate lunch Esteban deseaba que yo a a medioda. Que t as That you ate lunch Marta deseaba que t as en el trabajo. Que usted/l/ella a That you/he/she ate lunch Carlos deseaba que ella a en la escuela. Que nosotros almorzramos That we ate lunch Flavia deseaba que nosotros almorzramos con nuestros amigos. Que vosotros ais That you ate lunch Felipe deseaba que vosotros ais temprano. Que ustedes/ellos/ellas an That you/they ate lunch Laura deseaba que ellos an una ensalada. Option 2 Que yo almorzase That I ate lunch Esteban deseaba que yo almorzase a medioda. Que t almorzases That you ate lunch Marta deseaba que t almorzases en el trabajo. Que usted/l/ella almorzase That you/he/she ate lunch Carlos deseaba que ella almorzase en la escuela. Que nosotros almorzsemos That we ate lunch Flavia deseaba que nosotros almorzsemos con nuestros amigos. Que vosotros almorzaseis That you ate lunch Felipe deseaba que vosotros almorzaseis temprano. Que ustedes/ellos/ellas almorzasen That you/they ate lunch Laura deseaba que ellos almorzasen una ensalada. Imperative   The imperative mood is used to give direct commands. Therefore, there are no imperative forms for yo, à ©l/ella  or ellos/ellas.  Also, note that the positive and negative commands are different for the tà º and vosotros  forms. Positive Commands T almuerza Eat lunch! Almuerza a medioda! Usted almuerce Eat lunch! Almuerce en el trabajo! Nosotros almorcemos Lets eat lunch! Almorcemos en la escuela! Vosotros almorzad Eat lunch! Almorzad temprano! Ustedes almuercen Eat lunch! Almuercen una ensalada! Negative Commands T no almuerces Dont eat lunch! No almuerces a medioda! Usted no almuerce Dont eat lunch! No almuerce en el trabajo! Nosotros no almorcemos Lets not eat lunch! No almorcemos en la escuela! Vosotros no almorcis Dont eat lunch! No almorcis temprano! Ustedes no almuercen Dont eat lunch! No almuercen una ensalada!

Case study II Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Case study II - Assignment Example One of the legal issues they should consider is the business structure. Currently, the business operates as a partnership. This means they should be able to decide the structure that will best suit their expanded business. A decision on this is reached after considering liability issues associated with each business structure; limited partnership or Limited Liability Company. They should also ensure that they get a new license or permit authorizing the operation of the new type of business. This is important because different types of business become operational under different types of licenses1. Contractual relationship is another legal issue to be considered. Hansel and Gretel and their contactors should read through any agreements they make for the new business before acting on them. Since the business operates with contractors, they should also consider disclosure and non-disclosure issues. This means contractors should sign an agreement to protect any confidential information of the business. One of the regulatory issues to be considered before modifying the business is cost. They should be able to meet the financial requirements for the new type of business. Hansel and Gretel should consider how the stability and continuity of the business will be affected by the changes in the business, especially due to structural changes. Control of decisions is another regulatory issue. They should consider to what extend they want to have control over the decisions to be made regarding the business. Hansel and Gretel have to consider financial laws relating to the new type of business for example tax laws and other financial regulations. This includes how the government will tax the new type of business. Various professional advisors give specialized advice regarding business issues. Professional business advisers are selected based on the most critical area that one needs to understand regarding the type of business they want to start.

Considering all the legal developments of the last few years, what is Essay

Considering all the legal developments of the last few years, what is there left to improve in the field of Employment Law in th - Essay Example The Pope does not come down from his thrown very often. No one would ever deny that the Papacy has not wielded some influence in secular politics through the course of Western History. At the same time, that it is true that Pope's oppose fairly infrequently. Pope's don't hang around chambers after Question Period in the Commons trying to pitch stories to the media. It is in this sense, that it is being emphasized that Pope's do not come down from their pillar''s very often to directly make political statements. As was articulated in 'Pope Benedict attacks government over Equity Bill' [BBC, 11:30 GMT, Tuesday, 2 February 2010]: Human rights campaigner Peter Tatchell said the Pope's comments were a "coded attack on the legal rights granted to women and gay people" [BBC, Feb. 2, 2010]. The Equity Bill envelopes a number of arguably diverse legislation's that preceded it. While the Pope did protest The Equity Bill, he did not oppose Employment Equality (Age) Regulations 2006, Employment Equality (Sexual Orientation) Regulations 2003, and the Employment Equality (Religion or Belief) Regulations 2003. By no means was this the only context or situation where employee rights were overlapping with human rights. Thus, what influenced the constituent parts of the Equity Bill might also include some legislation progressions dating at least back to 1970 which was the date of the Equal Pay Act. Between the tripartite components of 2006, 2003, and 2003, was also the Sex Discrimination Act of 1975, and the Race Relations Act of 1976, and finally, Disability Discrimination Act which was introduced in 1995: As it was described in the BBC News Magazine in 2007: â€Å"It is not a piece of legislation welcomed by all and it was bitterly opposed by parts of the Catholic Church† [Geoghegan, BBC News Magazine BBC, April 30th 2007]. As is consistent with principals and practices of equity under the British legal system, basic rights have been extended by acknowledging that same sex-partnerships have every right to be recognized. It is a form of legal reform that is prevalent through Europe and in North America. While the Equality Bill is â€Å"for the purposes of anti-discrimination legislation, The Government considers that it is important to maintain current models of disability, which draws on different models for different purposes† [The Equality Bill: Oral and written evidence, p. 210]. Another significant body of legislation that has impacted employment law in recent years, was the introduction of the Employment Equality (Age) Regulations in 2006. This was a legal challenge to the Default Retirement Age [Davies, Ed., 204]. While the judge did not find that any of the regulations had been breached with regard to the Default Retirement Age in accordance with the European Union's Equal Treatment at Work Directive. It is important to employment law because of the obvious connection with work-related retirement, but also because of the human rights issue involved with the legislation. Age discrimination has been one of the strong arguments made against the Default Retirement Age. It has been argued in court, that forcing someone to retire at any one particular age, is a form of discrimination: â€Å"this term encourages the perception that age discrimination is less important than other forms and can obscure discrimination arising from multiple intersecting identifies of people of all ages† [Meenan 290]. Just as an employer cannot legally tell someone that they are too old for a